NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry are drafted by the faculty at Enrootz Learning Academy to help students learn all the complex concepts efficiently. Each and every question from the NCERT Textbook is answered in a systematic format to help students learn in a shorter duration. NCERT Solutions are prepared following vast research to make it easier for the students to complete the entire syllabus before the exams. Though various study materials are available online, it is very important for the students to identify their individual needs, and find the appropriate material accordingly. For this purpose, we at Enrootz Learning Academy have provided both online and offline formats of the solutions, completely based on the latest syllabus of the CBSE board.

Students can access the chapter-wise solutions on this page from the links provided below. NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 2 PDF Download option can be used by the students while learning the chapters from the textbook. NCERT Solutions Class 12 Chemistry (specific chapter) can be downloaded by clicking the links which are provided below.

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry (Chapter-wise)

- Chapter 1: Solutions
- Chapter 2: Electrochemistry
- Chapter 3: Chemical Kinetics
- Chapter 4: The d & f Block Elements
- Chapter 5: Coordination Compounds
- Chapter 6: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
- Chapter 7: Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers
- Chapter 8: Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids
- Chapter 9: Amines
- Chapter 10: Biomolecules

The following chapters have been removed from the NCERT Class 12 Chemistry textbook 2023-24.

The Solid State
Surface Chemistry
General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements
The p-Block Elements
Polymers
Chemistry in Everyday Life

Understanding the concepts during class hours might be difficult for the students. To overcome this issue, students must make use of the reference materials which are available online to get their doubts cleared. Regular practice of concepts in which they are weak will make them more confident from the exam point of view. Students are advised to read the chapter from the NCERT textbook and answer the exercise questions present in them for strong conceptual knowledge.

NCERT Solutions Class 12 Chemistry

NCERT Solutions Class 12 Chemistry is an important subject as it contains many chemical reactions and problems which are of more marks when it comes to exams. Scoring good marks in this subject is possible only if students learn the chapters on a regular basis. Even numericals are present in the chapters, so noting down the important formulas and understanding the method of solving them is an important step here. The NCERT Solutions contain an explanation for each reaction so that it will be easier for the students while preparing for the exams. Students will also be able to revise the chapters and recall them easily while answering the complex questions in the exam.

Chapter 1: The Solid State

This chapter explains the general characteristics of solid state, crystal lattice, classification of solids, imperfections in solids and unit cell. Matter is of three states – solid, liquid and gas. Solids are again divided into – Crystalline and Amorphous. Crystalline has a definite shape, whereas amorphous has no form. NCERT Solutions is a perfect guide to acquire a firm grip over these concepts. To strengthen the concepts further, students can also access the NCERT Exemplar Solutions which are available at Enrootz Learning Academy.

Chapter 2: Solutions

A solution is a mixture of two or more components. This chapter helps students to understand the concentration of solutions, types of solutions, the vapour pressure of liquid solutions, solubility of gases and solids in a liquid, ideal and non ideal solutions and Raoult’s Law. Various problems based on finding the molarity, mole fraction, mass percentage and Henry’s Law constant are also present here. These problems are not only important for the Class 12 exams but also are of higher importance in competitive exams like JEE Mains,

JEE Advanced etc.

Topics Covered in Class 12 CBSE Chemistry Chapter 2 Solutions :

Types of solutions, expression of concentration of solutions of solids in liquids, solubility of gases in liquids, solid solutions, colligative properties – relative lowering of vapour pressure, elevation of B.P., depression of freezing point, osmotic pressure, determination of molecular masses using colligative properties, and abnormal molecular mass.

Chapter 3: Electrochemistry

Electrochemistry is defined as the branch of Chemistry which deals with the relationship between electrical and chemical energy produced in a redox reaction and their conversion. The concepts which are covered in this chapter are – electrochemical cells, Galvanic cells, Nernst equation, conductance of electrolytic solutions, electrolytic cells and electrolysis, batteries, fuel cells and corrosion. Students who are not able to solve the numerical problems can also refer to the NCERT Solutions and answer them effortlessly.

Topics Covered in Class 12 CBSE Chemistry Chapter 3 Electrochemistry :

Redox reactions; conductance in electrolytic solutions, specific and molar conductivity variations of conductivity with concentration, Kohlrausch’s Law, electrolysis and laws of electrolysis (elementary idea), dry cell – electrolytic cells and Galvanic cells; lead accumulator, EMF of a cell, standard electrode potential, Nernst equation and its application to chemical cells, fuel cells; corrosion.

Chapter 4: Chemical Kinetics

This chapter will provide you with a good understanding of the rate of chemical reaction, Arrhenius equation, dependence on the rate of reaction and collision theory of chemical reaction. Chemical Kinetics is a branch of Chemistry which deals with the rate of chemical reaction, the factors affecting it and the mechanism of the reaction. We have 3 types in accordance to the rate of reaction – Instantaneous reactions, Slow reactions and Moderately Slow reactions.

Topics Covered in Class 12 CBSE Chemistry Chapter 4 Chemical Kinetics :

Rate of a reaction (average and instantaneous), factors affecting rates of reaction: concentration, temperature, catalyst; order and molecularity of a reaction; rate law and specific rate constant, integrated rate equations and half life (only for zero and first order reactions); concept of collision theory (elementary idea, no mathematical treatment).

Chapter 5: Surface Chemistry

Surface chemistry deals with important features like catalysis, adsorption and colloids which comprises gel and emulsion. After going through this chapter, students will understand the interfacial phenomenon and its significance, adsorption and its classification, mechanism of adsorption and the factors controlling adsorption. Further solving the textbook questions along with previous year question papers will boost the exam preparation of CBSE students.

Chapter 6: General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements

Metallurgy is a scientific and technological process which is followed to isolate the metal from its ores. Apart from explaining the processes and reactions of metal extraction, students will also learn about the fundamental principles and developments which would occur in this field. Aluminium is the most abundant metal which is found on the earth’s crust which is 8.3% by weight. So cleaning the ore, i.e., removal of particles like clay, sand etc., is known as concentration or dressing of the ore.

Chapter 7: The p-Block Elements

The history of the p-block elements has a history which takes us back to the 19th century. Group 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18 elements are known as p-block elements. They exist in three physical states – metal, non metal and metalloids. For a better clarification of these concepts, students can refer to the NCERT Solutions available at Enrootz Learning Academy. The clear explanation of each and every concept will help students attain good marks in the final exam.

Chapter 8: The d- and f-Block Elements

The elements which are lying between the s and p-block elements are called as d-block or transition elements. The inner transition series are called as f-block elements. This chapter introduces concepts such as the general properties of transition elements, variation in ionic and atomic size of transition metals, physical properties, ionization enthalpies, magnetic properties and oxidation states. Students will get a clear idea about the electronic configuration, general characteristics and properties of important compounds in this chapter.

Topics Covered in Class 12 CBSE Chemistry Chapter 8 The d- and f-Block Elements :

General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence and characteristics of transition metals,
general trends in properties of the first row transition metals – metallic character, ionization enthalpy, oxidation states, ionic radii, colour, catalytic property, magnetic properties, interstitial compounds, alloy formation. Preparation and properties of K2 Cr2 O7 and KMnO4.
Lanthanoids: electronic configuration, oxidation states, chemical reactivity and lanthanoid contraction.
Actinoids: Electronic configuration, oxidation states.

Chapter 9: Coordination Compounds

Coordination compounds is a challenging area in the modern inorganic chemistry. In this chapter, students will be able to learn about Werner’s Theory of Coordination Compounds, definitions of important terms, nomenclature, isomerism, bonding, stability, importance and applications of coordination compounds. They will also study about the bonding in meta carbonyls which is important for the exams. These concepts are important for CBSE exams and competitive exams so more importance should be given when it comes to scoring marks.

Topics Covered in Class 12 CBSE Chemistry Chapter 9 The Coordination Compounds:

Coordination compounds: Introduction, ligands, coordination number, colour, magnetic properties and shapes, IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds, bonding; isomerism, importance of coordination compounds (in qualitative analysis, extraction of metals and biological systems).

Chapter 10: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

The halogen derivatives of hydrocarbons are called haloalkanes. They are classified based on the number of hydrogen atoms present in them. The aromatic compounds in which the halogens are attached directly to the carbon atom of the aromatic ring are called haloarenes. In this chapter, students will also get an idea about the methods of preparation, chemical and physical properties and the organohalogen compounds uses. The reactions involved in the preparation of haloarenes and haloalkanes are explained clearly in this chapter to help students perform well in the exams.

Topics Covered in Class 12 CBSE Chemistry Chapter 10 Haloalkanes and Haloarenes :

Haloalkanes: Nomenclature, nature of C-X bond, physical and chemical properties, mechanism of substitution reactions.
Haloarenes: Nature of C-X bond, substitution reactions (directive influence of halogen for monosubstituted compounds only).
Uses and environmental effects of – dichloromethane, trichloromethane, tetrochloromethane, iodoform, freons, DDT.

Chapter 11: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

The classification of alcohols and phenols are based on the number of -OH groups present. Compounds which have one -OH group are called monohydride alcohols and phenols. The compounds which have two, three or more -OH groups are called dihydric, trihydric or polyhydric alcohols and phenols. Students will study about the reactions involved in the process of making alcohols from phenols, alcohols and ethers. It will also help students to learn about the physical properties of alcohols, phenols and ethers.

Topics Covered in Class 12 CBSE Chemistry Chapter 11 Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers :

Alcohols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties (of primary alcohols only); identification of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols; mechanism of dehydration, uses, some important compounds – methanol and ethanol.

Phenols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, acidic nature of phenol, electrophilic substitution reactions, uses of phenols.

Ethers: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, uses.

Chapter 12: Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids

In organic chemistry, aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids are of utmost importance. Aldehydes and Ketones can be obtained by the hydration of alkynes, ozonolysis of alkenes and by the oxidation of alcohols. Carboxylic acids can be obtained by the oxidation of aldehydes or primary alcohols. This chapter is very important and carries more marks in the board exam. For this purpose, students have to learn all the concepts and revise them on a regular basis for a good score.

Topics Covered in Class 12 CBSE Chemistry Chapter 12 Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids :

Aldehydes and Ketones: Nomenclature, nature of carbonyl group, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, and mechanism of nucleophilic addition, reactivity of alpha hydrogen in aldehydes; uses.
Carboxylic Acids: Nomenclature, acidic nature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties; uses.

Chapter 13: Amines

The derivatives of ammonia are amines which are obtained by the replacement of hydrogen. From this chapter, students will be able to understand the nomenclature, structure and properties of amines. Amines are an important organic compound which contains nitrogen. Numerous examples of determining the basicity of amines, the reaction and synthesis of amines are explained briefly in this chapter. Students will obtain a good hold on these concepts by answering the questions present at the end of the chapter.

Topics Covered in Class 12 CBSE Chemistry Chapter 13 Amines :

Amines: Nomenclature, classification, structure, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, uses, and identification of primary, secondary and tertiary amines.
Cyanides and Isocyanides will be mentioned at relevant places in context.
Diazonium salts: Preparation, chemical reactions and importance in synthetic organic chemistry

Chapter 14: Biomolecules

The organic compounds which are present as essential constituents in different cells of the living organism are called biomolecules. These include proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, enzymes and nucleic acids. The interaction of biomolecules constitute the molecular logic of life processes. Simple molecules such as mineral salts and vitamins play an important role in the function of organisms. The structure and functions of the biomolecules are covered in this chapter as per the latest CBSE guidelines.

Topics Covered in Class 12 CBSE Chemistry Chapter 14 Biomolecules :

Carbohydrates: Classification (aldoses and ketoses), monosaccharides (glucose and fructose),
oligosaccharides (sucrose, lactose, maltose), polysaccharides (starch, cellulose, glycogen); importance.
Proteins: Elementary idea of α – amino acids, peptide bond, polypeptides, proteins, primary structure, secondary structure, tertiary structure and quaternary structure (qualitative idea only), denaturation of proteins; enzymes.
Vitamins: Classification and functions.
Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA .

Chapter 15: Polymers

This chapter includes the concepts like – monomer, polymer and polymerisation. Its classification is based on the source, structure and polymerisation. The types of polymerisation are – addition polymerisation and condensation polymerisation. The important concepts of this chapter are explained clearly in the NCERT textbook. Students who aspire to score good marks in the exams are recommended to learn this chapter thoroughly and have a clear idea of these concepts.

Chapter 16: Chemistry in Everyday Life

The sphere of human life is influenced by Chemistry. The principles of Chemistry have benefitted humans in a lot of ways. The concepts which are discussed in this chapter are – drugs and their classification, drug target interaction, the therapeutic action of different classes of drugs, chemicals in food and cleansing agents. Chemistry is a tough subject, and it requires lots of practice to remember the chemical reactions and formulas. So making use of the NCERT Solutions at Enrootz Learning Academy will provide you with a strong grip on the important topics.

CBSE Marking Scheme 2023-24

Class 12 is a crucial stage in the life of a student. To help them grasp all the concepts effectively, the CBSE board has divided the entire course into sections having marks according to the exam pattern. All the chapters are divided based on the marks weightage and importance from the CBSE exams perspective. The purpose of doing this is to provide a quality education for Class 12 students and help them achieve their future goals. It also provides a strong foundation of basic concepts which are important for the exams.

Unit No.Name of UnitMarks

1Solutions7

2Electrochemistry9

3Chemical Kinetics7

4d-and f-Block Elements7

5Coordination Compounds7

6Haloalkanes and Haloarenes6

7Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers6

8Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids8

9Amines6

10Biomolecules7

Total70

After going through our Class 12 Chemistry NCERT Solutions, Also Explore:

NCERT Exemplar Problems for Class 12 Chemistry
CBSE Revision Notes for Class 12 Chemistry

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Frequently Asked Questions on NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry

How many chapters are present in the NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry?

There are 16 chapters in the NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry. Students are advised first to understand the syllabus designed by the CBSE board and start with their exam preparation. The NCERT Solutions at Enrootz Learning Academy helps students to build a strong foundation of the fundamental concepts and their real-life applications. The solutions are framed by highly talented faculty having vast knowledge about the respective subject.

Is the NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry important for the students?

NCERT Intext Solutions Class 12 Chemistry helps students to understand the questions structured as per the CBSE guidelines. Students will be able to get a clear overview of the concepts covered in each chapter and improve their confidence to score well in the exams. Both chapter-wise and exercise-wise solutions are available on Enrootz Learning Academy, which can be used by the students as per their needs. The solutions designed by the faculty help students to self analyse their areas of weakness and work on them for good marks.

What are the advantages of using Enrootz Learning Academy NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry?

The advantages of using Enrootz Learning Academy NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry are –
1. Logical reasoning questions are answered in an in-depth manner.
2. Numericals are solved step-by-step as per the mark’s weightage allotted in the CBSE syllabus.
3. Theoretical questions are provided with concise and to-the-point answers.
4. Top-notch subject experts create solutions as per the students’ requirements.
5. PDFs are available with a free download option.

Can I use the NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry while revising the concepts for the exam?

NCERT Chemistry Class 12 Intext Questions Solutions at BYJU’S are concept-focused and not question focused, which improves conceptual knowledge among students. Students can revise each and every chapter by referring to the solutions and obtain a grip on them. Numericals are solved in a step-by-step process to help students understand the method of solving them. Important formulas and shortcut tips are highlighted in the solutions to help students perform well in the exams.

NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry